Ecology

Biology

Diversity (politics)

Ecosystem diversity

Environmental change

Paleontology

Niche

Climate change

Geography

Political science

Environmental resource management

Environmental science

Biodiversity

Ecosystem services

Disturbance (geology)

Ecosystem

Trends in Ecology & Evolution

Evidence is increasing for positive effects of α-diversity on ecosystem functioning. We highlight here the crucial role of β-diversity - a hitherto underexplored facet of biodiversity - for a better process-level understanding of biodiversity change and its consequences for ecosystems. A focus on β-diversity has the potential to improve predictions of natural and anthropogenic influences on diversity and ecosystem functioning. However, linking the causes and consequences of biodiversity change is complex because species assemblages in nature are shaped by many factors simultaneously, including disturbance, environmental heterogeneity, deterministic niche factors, and stochasticity. Because variability and change are ubiquitous in ecosystems, acknowledging these inherent properties of nature is an essential step for further advancing scientific knowledge of biodiversity-ecosystem functioning in theory and practice.

β-Diversity, Community Assembly, and Ecosystem Functioning