Electrical engineering

Physics

Energy (signal processing)

Process engineering

Mathematics

Greenhouse gas

Mechanics

Biology

Operating system

Algorithm

Composite number

Statistics

Energy transformation

Engineering

Carbon fibers

Power (physics)

Renewable energy

Ecology

Energy flow

Efficient energy use

Converters

Flow (mathematics)

Computer science

Process (computing)

Environmental science

Thermodynamics

IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid

Multiple energy systems (MESs) bring different types of energy together and are able to improve energy utilization efficiency and promote the integration of renewable energy. The embedded carbon emission in MES is coupled among the energy flow across different energy systems. The understanding of how the embedded carbon emission should be allocated along with the energy delivery and conversion is significant in the policy making and market design to facilitate carbon emission reduction. A novel analytical model for carbon emission flow (CEF) in MES is proposed in this paper to quantify the carbon emission associated with the energy delivery and conversion process. First, key indicators and basic principles of CEF are defined. Then, the explicit CEF models for different energy networks, including the power network, gas network and heating network, are established. On the basis of the CEF models of energy converters, the CEF model for an energy hub is further formulated to analyze the flow of carbon emission across different energy systems during the conversion process. Finally, the procedure of CEF calculation in MES is provided. The case study results based on two systems are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Modeling Carbon Emission Flow in Multiple Energy Systems