Hypertriglyceridemia

Hyperuricemia

Biology

Hyperlipidemia

Cholesterol

Endocrinology

Biochemistry

Insulin

Metabolic syndrome

Xanthine

Insulin resistance

Enzyme

Internal medicine

Triglyceride

Medicine

Obesity

Uric acid

Xanthine oxidase

Diabetes mellitus

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease

Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) could contribute to the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome through the oxidative stress and the inflammatory response induced by XOR-derived reactive oxygen species and uric acid. Hyperuricemia is strongly linked to hypertension, insulin resistance, obesity and hypertriglyceridemia. The serum level of XOR is correlated to triglyceride/high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, fasting glycemia, fasting insulinemia and insulin resistance index. Increased activity of endothelium-linked XOR may promote hypertension. In addition, XOR is implicated in pre-adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis. XOR and uric acid play a role in cell transformation and proliferation as well as in the progression and metastatic process. Collected evidences confirm the contribution of XOR and uric acid in metabolic syndrome. However, in some circumstances XOR and uric acid may have anti-oxidant protective outcomes. The dual-face role of both XOR and uric acid explains the contradictory results obtained with XOR inhibitors and suggests caution in their therapeutic use.

The role of xanthine oxidoreductase and uric acid in metabolic syndrome