Gene

SIGNAL (programming language)

Voltage regulator

Voltage

Signal integrity

Process (computing)

Engineering

Bandwidth (computing)

Regulator

Operating system

Telecommunications

Biochemistry

Computer science

Computer network

Electrical impedance

Physics

Link (geometry)

Optics

System in package

Electronic engineering

Attenuation

SerDes

Chemistry

Programming language

Chip

CMOS

Serial communication

Electrical engineering

Printed circuit board

Toward the end of the Moore's-law era, increases in system complexity will rely more heavily on packaging technology. Systems will increasingly comprise multiple chips that must be linked by high-speed data channels carrying a substantial fraction of on-chip bandwidth. To take advantage of inexpensive organic packages and conventional printed circuit (PC) boards, data links that are both energy and pin efficient are needed. A link between neighboring packages is by far the more challenging application due to increased cross-talk, signal attenuation, and reflections from impedance discontinuities. The combination of signal integrity challenges and production margining requires increased amplitude, equalization, ESD protection, and PVT-tolerant circuit design techniques.

A 1.17pJ/b 25Gb/s/pin ground-referenced single-ended serial link for off- and on-package communication in 16nm CMOS using a process- and temperature-adaptive voltage regulator