Control (management)

Engineering

Propulsion

Aerospace engineering

Control engineering

Actuator

Data mining

Computer science

Mathematical optimization

Mechanical engineering

Mathematics

Lift (data mining)

Work (physics)

Automotive engineering

Artificial intelligence

Optimal control

Control theory (sociology)

Electrical engineering

Loader

Automation in Construction

The paper is about finding the global optimum for a wheel loader work cycle in a gravel application. This includes simulating the gravel and extracting the trajectories for the main actuators; propulsion, lift and tilt, during the work cycle. The optimal control method is dynamic programming and the optimum is calculated with regard to fuel efficiency [ton/l] but can be weighted towards productivity [ton/h]. The analytical optimal control results are compared to an extensive empirical measurement done on a wheel loader and shows around 15% higher fuel efficiency compared to the highest fuel efficiency measured among real operators.

Optimal control of wheel loader actuators in gravel applications