Surface roughness

Boundary layer

Physics

Geology

Secondary flow

Mathematics

Mechanics

Boundary (topology)

Surface finish

Mathematical analysis

Boundary layer thickness

Composite material

Turbulence

Materials science

Flow (mathematics)

Physical Review Fluids

Inspection of spatial features of secondary flows in a turbulent boundary layer over longitudinal surface roughness shows that secondary flow size is mostly determined by the valley width and the rotational sense of secondary flows is affected by the turbulent transport term in the energy budget.

Secondary flows in turbulent boundary layers over longitudinal surface roughness