Turbulence

Boundary (topology)

Materials science

Surface finish

Boundary layer thickness

Surface (topology)

Geology

Surface roughness

Boundary layer

Physics

Mathematics

Flow (mathematics)

Mathematical analysis

Geometry

Composite material

Meteorology

Secondary flow

Mechanics

Physical Review Fluids

Inspection of spatial features of secondary flows in a turbulent boundary layer over longitudinal surface roughness shows that secondary flow size is mostly determined by the valley width and the rotational sense of secondary flows is affected by the turbulent transport term in the energy budget.

Secondary flows in turbulent boundary layers over longitudinal surface roughness