Context (archaeology)

Linguistics

Cognitive psychology

Philosophy

Social psychology

Prestige

Archaeology

Selection (genetic algorithm)

Computer science

Phenomenon

Content (measure theory)

Psychology

Mathematics

Epistemology

Mathematical analysis

Conformity

Artificial intelligence

Popularity

History

Journal of Cognition and Culture

We experimentally investigated the influence of context-based biases, such as prestige and popularity, on the preferences for quotations. Participants were presented with random quotes associated to famous or unknown authors (experiment one), or with random quotes presented as popular, i.e. chosen by many previous participants, or unpopular (experiment two). To exclude effects related to the content of the quotations, all participants were subsequently presented with the same quotations, again associated to famous and unknown authors (experiment three), or presented as popular or unpopular (experiment four). Overall, our results showed that context-based biases had no (in case of prestige and conformity), or limited (in case of popularity), effect in determining participants’ choices. Quotations preferred for their content were preferred in general, despite the contextual cues to which they were associated. We conclude discussing how our results fit with the well-known phenomenon of the spread and success (especially digital) of misattributed quotations, and we draw some more general implications for cultural evolution research.

Did Einstein Really Say that? Testing Content Versus Context in the Cultural Selection of Quotations