HERO

Linguistics

Philosophy

Sovereignty

Literature

Politics

Proletariat

Political science

Immigration

Sociology

Nationality

Indonesian

Colonialism

History

Inter-Asia Cultural Studies

The concluding chapter of Tan Malaka’s (1897–1949) large philosophical work entitled Madilog: Materialisme, Dialektika, Logika contains interesting reflections on the extent and scope of the future liberated and sovereign Indonesian nation and on the concept of “Indonesian” heroism and nationality. However, most striking of all is the uppermost position he allots in his schema for Philippine national heroes such as Dr. Jose Rizal, the patriot and writer, and Andres Bonifacio, the leader and founder of the Katipunan, the most successful Philippine revolutionary anti-colonial organization.

Andres Bonifacio: proletarian hero of the Philippines and Indonesia