Ecology

Environmental resource management

Geography

Ecosystem services

Biology

Ecosystem

Environmental science

Biodiversity

Restoration ecology

Journal of Applied Ecology

By assisting the recovery of damaged or destroyed ecosystems, ecological restoration has been hailed for its promise to combat major causes of biodiversity decline (e.g. habitat loss, invasive species; Vitousek et al. 1997; Foley et al. 2005; Newbold et al. 2015) and is widely viewed as a critical component of successful conservation and land management strategies (e.g. Dobson, Bradshaw & Baker 1997; Hobbs & Harris 2001; Suding 2011; Menz, Dixon & Hobbs 2013; Perring et al. 2015). The relevance of restoration has only increased in recent years, as a tool to combat climate change (e.g. Harris et al. 2006), promote ecosystem services (Rey Benayas et al. 2009; Montoya, Rogers & Memmott 2012) and facilitate the emerging "restoration economy"—economic benefits of conducting restoration activities, which are now valued at ~$25 billion annually in the United States (BenDor et al. 2015). Ongoing or planned restoration projects range from local scale efforts, to high profile commitments to restore hundreds of millions...

Toward prediction in the restoration of biodiversity