Mathematical analysis

Flow separation

Boundary layer

Physics

Reynolds number

Mathematics

Mechanics

Large eddy simulation

Computer science

Statistical physics

Turbulence

Shock (circulatory)

Internal medicine

Eddy

Boundary (topology)

Medicine

Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics

Large-eddy simulation (LES) has proven to be a computationally tractable approach to simulate unsteady turbulent flows. However, prohibitive resolution requirements induced by near-wall eddies in high-Reynolds number boundary layers necessitate the use of wall models or approximate wall boundary conditions. We review recent investigations in wall-modeled LES, including the development of novel approximate boundary conditions and the application of wall models to complex flows (e.g., boundary-layer separation, shock/boundary-layer interactions, transition). We also assess the validity of underlying assumptions in wall-model derivations to elucidate the accuracy of these investigations, and offer suggestions for future studies.

Wall-Modeled Large-Eddy Simulation for Complex Turbulent Flows