Virtual team

Multilevel model

Social psychology

Economics

Computer science

Psychology

Task (project management)

Management

Applied psychology

Virtuality (gaming)

Transactional leadership

Artificial intelligence

Knowledge management

Shared leadership

Perspective (graphical)

Machine learning

Human Resource Management Review

Understanding leadership functioning in virtual teams becomes critical as organizations increasingly use dispersed teams for talent acquisition. In the current article I present a preliminary model that explicates how task- and relationship-oriented leader behaviors influence team and individual processes and outcomes in virtual teams. Further, I discuss cross-level relationships between virtual team and individual processes, as well as the boundary effects of contextual factors (i.e., task complexity, task interdependence, and virtuality) in virtual leadership functioning.

Leadership in virtual teams: A multilevel perspective