Public relations

Economics

Psychology

Management

Political science

Sociology

Organizational change

Journal of Innovation & Knowledge

Change is crucial for organizations in growing, highly competitive business environments. Theories of change describe the effectiveness with which organizations are able to modify their strategies, processes, and structures. The action research model, the positive model, and Lewin's change model indicate the stages of organizational change. This study examined the three stages of Lewin's model: unfreezing, movement, and refreezing. Although this model establishes general steps, additional information must be considered to adapt these steps to specific situations. This article presents a critical review of change theories for different stages of organizational change. In this critical review, change management offers a constructive framework for managing organizational change throughout different stages of the process. This review has theoretical and practical implications, which are discussed in this article. Immunity to change is also discussed.

Kurt Lewin's change model: A critical review of the role of leadership and employee involvement in organizational change