Biology

Antimicrobial

Toxicant

Environmental health

Triclosan

Organic chemistry

Toxicity

Toxicology

Environmental chemistry

Microbiology

Cosmetics

Anti-Infective Agents

Health hazard

Medicine

Chemistry

Human health

Bioaccumulation

Pathology

The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology

Triclosan (TCS) is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent that has been added to personal care products, including hand soaps and cosmetics, and impregnated in numerous different materials ranging from athletic clothing to food packaging. The constant disposal of TCS into the sewage system is creating a major environmental and public health hazard. Owing to its chemical properties of bioaccumulation and resistance to degradation, TCS is widely detected in various environmental compartments in concentrations ranging from nanograms to micrograms per liter. Epidemiology studies indicate that significant levels of TCS are detected in body fluids in all human age groups. We document here the emerging evidence--from in vitro and in vivo animal studies and environmental toxicology studies--demonstrating that TCS exerts adverse effects on different biological systems through various modes of action. Considering the fact that humans are simultaneously exposed to TCS and many TCS-like chemicals, we speculate that TCS-induced adverse effects may be relevant to human health.

Triclosan: A Widespread Environmental Toxicant with Many Biological Effects