Psychiatry

Physics

Psychological resilience

Developmental psychology

Sociology

Mathematics education

Psychology

Pedagogy

Psychological intervention

Praise

Face (sociological concept)

Resilience (materials science)

Academic achievement

Social science

Social psychology

Thermodynamics

Educational leadership

As a psychologist, I have studied student motivation for more than 35 years. My graduate students and I have looked at thousands of children, asking why some enjoy learning, even when it's hard, and why they are resilient in the face of obstacles. We have learned a great deal. Research shows us how to praise students in ways that yield motivation and resilience. In addition, specific interventions can reverse a student's slide into failure during the vulnerable period of adolescence.

The Perils and Promises of Praise