Electrical engineering

Cryptography

Engineering

Trojan

Embedded system

Microelectronics

Hardware security module

Computer science

Hardware Trojan

Computer security

IEEE Design and Test

With the increasing disintegration of the design and manufacturing chain of our microelectronic products, we should not only worry about including unintentional, unwanted hardware features (“bugs”), but also about including intentional malicious hardware features: “Trojan Horses,”which act as spies or terrorists. This article provides an overview of hardware Trojans and countermeasures.

Protection Against Hardware Trojan Attacks: Towards a Comprehensive Solution