Quantum mechanics

Scale (ratio)

Linguistics

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Statistics

Stress (linguistics)

Accounting

Psychiatry

Developmental psychology

Power (physics)

Anxiety

Psychometrics

Worry

Structural equation modeling

Business

Paleontology

Physics

Test (biology)

Confirmatory factor analysis

Variance (accounting)

Psychology

Mathematics

Reliability (semiconductor)

Concurrent validity

Clinical psychology

Internal consistency

Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment

This article describes the development and initial validation of a new instrument to measure academic stress—the Educational Stress Scale for Adolescents (ESSA). A series of cross-sectional questionnaire surveys were conducted with more than 2,000 Chinese adolescents to examine the psychometric properties. The final 16-item ESSA contains five latent variables: Pressure from study, Workload, Worry about grades, Self-expectation, and Despondency, which together explain 64% of the total item variance. Scale scores showed adequate internal consistency, 2-week test–retest reliability, and satisfactory concurrent validity. A confirmatory factor analysis suggested the proposed factor model fits well in a different sample. For researchers who have a particular interest in academic stress among adolescents, the ESSA promises to be a useful tool.

Educational Stress Scale for Adolescents