Routing (electronic design automation)

Quantum mechanics

Micro black hole

Theoretical physics

Complex system

Gravitation

Event (particle physics)

Entropy (arrow of time)

Particle physics

Event horizon

Computer science

Classical mechanics

Baryon

Black hole thermodynamics

Computer network

Routing protocol

Physics

Link-state routing protocol

Artificial intelligence

Black hole (networking)

Communications in Mathematical Physics

In the classical theory black holes can only absorb and not emit particles. However it is shown that quantum mechanical effects cause black holes to create and emit particles as if they were hot bodies with temperature $$\frac{{h\kappa }}{{2\pi k}} \approx 10^{ - 6} \left( {\frac{{M_ \odot }}{M}} \right){}^ \circ K$$ where κ is the surface gravity of the black hole. This thermal emission leads to a slow decrease in the mass of the black hole and to its eventual disappearance: any primordial black hole of mass less than about 1015 g would have evaporated by now. Although these quantum effects violate the classical law that the area of the event horizon of a black hole cannot decrease, there remains a Generalized Second Law:S+1/4A never decreases whereS is the entropy of matter outside black holes andA is the sum of the surface areas of the event horizons. This shows that gravitational collapse converts the baryons and leptons in the collapsing body into entropy. It is tempting to speculate that this might be the reason why the Universe contains so much entropy per baryon.

Particle creation by black holes