Engineering

Philosophy

Pure mathematics

Similarity (geometry)

Public relations

Field (mathematics)

Computer science

Phenomenon

Empirical research

Regional science

Mathematics

Image (mathematics)

Political science

Epistemology

Sociology

Artificial intelligence

Strategic studies

Engineering ethics

Journal of Strategic Studies

This article assesses the state of the art in military innovation research. It begins with a description of the field's four major schools of thought, summarizing their central tenets, key points of similarity and differentiation, and major empirical cases. It then addresses priorities for future research, observing that while much has been learned about innovation originating among senior officers and civilian policy-makers, far less is known about innovation originating in field formations. Recent empirical studies hint at the importance of such bottom-up innovation but little progress has been made in achieving a conceptual understanding of the phenomenon. Therein lies the next major challenge, and opportunity, for the field.

The future of military innovation studies