Messenger RNA

Sociology

Translation (biology)

Neuroscience

Gene

Operating system

Engineering

Adaptation (eye)

Psychology

Cross-cultural

Chemistry

Anthropology

Computer science

Management science

Process (computing)

Biochemistry

Nursing Research

The number of nurse scientists pursuing cross-cultural research using quantitative designs is increasing. Preparation of instruments that are conceptually and functionally appropriate in the language of the participants is a complex process that needs examination.Brislin's classic model for translation and validation of instruments for cross-cultural research is critiqued. Adaptations and extensions of that model are recommended.Brislin's model guided tool preparation in a cross-cultural investigation. The process is described and lessons learned are outlined and discussed.Steps toward a more efficient and valid approach to the preparation of instruments are suggested.

An Adaptation of Brislin???s Translation Model for Cross-cultural Research