Cognitive psychology

Social psychology

Resampling

Mediation

Latent variable

Computer science

Helpfulness

Structural equation modeling

LISREL

Psychology

Political science

Artificial intelligence

Machine learning

Behavior Research Methods

Hypotheses involving mediation are common in the behavioral sciences. Mediation exists when a predictor affects a dependent variable indirectly through at least one intervening variable, or mediator. Methods to assess mediation involving multiple simultaneous mediators have received little attention in the methodological literature despite a clear need. We provide an overview of simple and multiple mediation and explore three approaches that can be used to investigate indirect processes, as well as methods for contrasting two or more mediators within a single model. We present an illustrative example, assessing and contrasting potential mediators of the relationship between the helpfulness of socialization agents and job satisfaction. We also provide SAS and SPSS macros, as well as Mplus and LISREL syntax, to facilitate the use of these methods in applications.

Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models