Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation of Parrondo’s paradox game in space

A multi-agent spatial Parrondo game model is designed according to the cooperative Parrondo’s paradox proposed by Toral. The model is composed of game A and game B. Game A is a zero-sum game between individuals, reflecting competitive interaction between an individual and its neighbors. The winning or losing probability of one individual in game B depends on its neighbors’ winning or losing states, reflecting the dependence that individuals has...