wall temperature

blunt body

normal shock

skin friction

laminar boundary

layer transition

turbulent heat

turbulent boundary

pressure gradient

mach number

AIAA Journal

21 Winkler, E. M., Design and calibration of stagnation temperature probes for use at high supersonic speeds and elevated temperature, J. Appl. Phys. 25, 231-232 (February 1954). 22 Danberg, J. E., The equilibrium temperature probe, a device for measuring temperatures in hypersonic boundary layers/' U. S. Naval Ordnance Lab., White Oak Md., NOL TR 61-2 (February 1962). 23 Hill, F. K., Turbulent boundary layer measurements at Mach numbers from 8 to 10, Phys. Fluids 2, 668-680 (1959). 24 Bertram, M. H. and Neal, L., Jr., Recent experiments in hypersonic turbulent boundary layers, NASA Langley Research Center, Langley Station, Va.; also presented at AGARD Specialist Meeting on Recent Development in Boundary Layer Research, Naples, Italy (May 1965). 25 Cohen, N. B., A method for computing turbulent heat transfer in the presence of a streamwise pressure gradient for bodies in high-speed flow, NASA Memo. 1-2-59L (March 1959). 26 Walz, A., Compressible turbulent boundary layers, International Symposium on the Mechanique de le Turbulence (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, 1962), pp. 299-350. 27 McLafferty, G. H. and Barrer, R. E., The effect of adverse pressure gradients on the characteristics of turbulent boundary layers in supersonic stream, J. Aerospace Sci. 29, 1-10(1962). 28 Kepler, C. E. and O'Brien, R. L., Supersonic turbulent boundary layer growth over cooled walls in adverse pressure gradients, United Aircraft Corp., Aeronautical Systems Div. ASD-TDR-62-87 (October 1962). 29 Burke, A. F., Turbulent boundary layers on highly cooled surfaces at high Mach numbers, Proceedings of Symposium on Aerothermoelasticity, Dayton, Ohio (1961), pp. 704-741; also U.S. Air Force, Aeronautical Systems Div., Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, TR 6-645 (1961). 30 Morkovin, M. V., Effects of high acceleration on a turbulent supersonic shear layer, Proceeding of the 1955 Heat Transfer and Fluid Mechanics Institute (Stanford University Press, Stanford, Calif., 1955), pp. IV, I-IV, 17. 31 Libby, P. A. and Baront...

A bimodal approximation for reacting turbulent flows. I - Description of the model.