Use of ultrasound detectors for bat studies in Europe: experiences from field identification, surveys, and monitoring

Since 1978 we have used ultrasound detectors for field studies of European bat species and large scale mapping and monitoring in Denmark and Sweden. The method has revolutionized the field studies of bats with great possibilities and advantages. Most of the 31-32 European bat species can be identified with bat detectors, but in practical work a few species pairs may have to be lumped, e.g., Myotis mystacinus/brandtii. The species are not equally...