A new Bernoulli–Euler beam model incorporating microstructure and surface energy effects

A new Bernoulli–Euler beam model is developed using a modified couple stress theory and a surface elasticity theory. A variational formulation based on the principle of minimum total potential energy is employed, which leads to the simultaneous determination of the equilibrium equation and complete boundary conditions for a Bernoulli–Euler beam. The new model contains a material length scale parameter accounting for the microstructure effect in...