Grain growth and texture evolution in electroformed copper liners of shaped charges

Electron backscattered Kikuchi patterns (EBSP) and optical microscopy (OM) have been employed to reveal grain growth and texture evolution in electroformed copper liners of shaped charges with ultrafine grains and a strong 〈1 1 0〉 fiber texture, which were annealed at various temperatures. By annealing below 410 °C, the grains grow uniformly and show a normal growth. By annealing at 530 °C, a different growth mode has been observed. The grains...