Channel (broadcasting)

Pulse-amplitude modulation

CMOS

Pulse (music)

Computer science

Spurious-free dynamic range

Equalizer

Engineering

Decoding methods

Multiplexer

Telecommunications

Detector

Multiplexing

SerDes

Bit error rate

Effective number of bits

Electronic engineering

Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem

Equalization (audio)

IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits

A 224-Gb/s pulse amplitude modulation 4-level (PAM4) ADC-based SerDes receiver (RX) is implemented in a 5-nm FinFET process. The RX consists of a low-noise hybrid analog front-end (AFE) that incorporates both inductive peaking and source degeneration, a 64-way time-interleaved ADC, digital equalization consisting of an up to 30 tap feed-forward equalizer (FFE), optional decision-feedback equalizer (DFE), and a clock-data-recovery (CDR) loop utilizing a 14-GHz digitally controlled oscillator (DCO). The RX was characterized for medium-to-long reach channels (20.6-, 27-, 31.4-, and 38-dB insertion loss at Nyquist) with a corresponding pre-forward error correction (FEC) bit error rates of 1.9E-11, 5.2E-10, 1.2E-8, and 6E-7, respectively. The analog power consumption of the RX is 1.41 pJ/b.

A 1.41-pJ/b 224-Gb/s PAM4 6-bit ADC-Based SerDes Receiver With Hybrid AFE Capable of Supporting Long Reach Channels