Finance

Sociology

Business

Regional science

Archaeology

Ranking (information retrieval)

Population

Per capita

World Wide Web

Machine learning

Civil engineering

Built environment

Demography

Engineering

Metropolitan area

Geography

Transport engineering

Index (typography)

Amenity

Walkability

Computer science

Journal of Maps

The disruptions associated with health and energy crisis have emphasized the need for hyperlocal cities. However, in Europe, a tool to measure the efficiency of land use and accessibility planning for localizing urban mobility is missing. In this paper, we construct a comparable 15-Minute-Walking City (15-MWC) index that assesses the walking performance of 121 European metropolitan areas and seven amenity types. The data are combined equally following the PROMETHEE II multicriteria approach to assign a final score and to present a ranking of 15-Minutes cities. The main visualization demonstrates European-level disparities and indicates that most of leading cities are in Germany, while most of the worst performers are in the UK. We also reveal a statistically significant difference in 15-MWC performance due to their GDP per capita disparities. The empirical results may serve as a referencing tool for cross-city comparisons and may support policymakers when designing transport and city-planning strategies.

Quantifying and visualizing the 15-Minute walkable city concept across Europe: a multicriteria approach