Archaeology

Arc welding

Shipbuilding

History

Austenite

Heat-affected zone

Acicular

Composite material

Metallurgy

Materials science

Welding

Acicular ferrite

Ferrite (magnet)

Bainite

Submerged arc welding

Microstructure

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B

Two simple yet comparable fluxes, CaF2 and CaF2–40 wt pct TiO2, have been employed to engineer shipbuilding steels under high heat input submerged arc welding, aiming to clarify the unique functions demonstrated by incurring TiO2 addition. Compared with pure CaF2, TiO2-containing flux could increase columnar austenite width from 119.2 ± 18.1 to 201.5 ± 32.2 μm. Furthermore, TiO2 could significantly enhance acicular ferrite fraction, which has been primarily enabled by the formation of Ti-bearing inclusions.

TiO2-Assisted Microstructural Variations in the Weld Metal of EH36 Shipbuilding Steel Subject to High Heat Input Submerged Arc Welding