Virology

TLR3

Immune system

Secretion

Biochemistry

Receptor

TLR7

Anatomy

Biology

Toll-like receptor

Immunity

Respiratory tract

Respiratory system

Innate immune system

Immunology

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

The human upper respiratory tract is the first site of contact for inhaled respiratory viruses and elaborates an array of innate immune responses. Seasonal variation in respiratory viral infections and the importance of ambient temperature in modulating immune responses to infections have been well recognized; however, the underlying biological mechanisms remain understudied.

Cold exposure impairs extracellular vesicle swarm–mediated nasal antiviral immunity