Ecology

Engineering

Artificial intelligence

Islam

Archaeology

Operations research

Business

Biology

Marketing

Political science

Geography

Crowds

SWOT analysis

Computer science

Christian ministry

Hajj

Sustainability

Plan (archaeology)

Computer security

High-density gatherings have the potential to turn from a peaceful mass into a human disaster unless they are managed in an organized manner. Saudi Arabia’s Ministry of Hajj implemented an integrated system based on artificial intelligence. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) was eager to take advantage of the techniques of artificial intelligence to conduct its strategic plan, considering limited pilgrims who would be allowed to perform the Hajj rites during these exceptional circumstances. In this study, the experience of the KSA in crowd management using artificial intelligence during the Hajj was examined to create a model for similar circumstances. This study employed the descriptive analytical method. The program Arc Gis Pro 2.9.2 was used to produce maps related to the study. A strategic analysis was also conducted regarding the experience of the KSA in crowd management using SWOT analysis concerning the study area. This study found that the KSA has become a leader in crowd management and a reference and role model in managing crowds through an expanded use of artificial intelligence during the COVID-19 pandemic. It undertook all necessary precautionary measures to protect the pilgrims, and no injuries were reported.

Saudi Arabia’s Management of the Hajj Season through Artificial Intelligence and Sustainability