Human–computer interaction

Engineering

Surgery

Haptic technology

Randomized controlled trial

Drill

Physical therapy

Virtual reality

Virtual training

Computer science

Simulation

Medicine

Mechanical engineering

Annals of Medicine and Surgery

This study demonstrates better performance for an orthopaedic surgical task when using a VR-based simulation model incorporating haptic feedback, compared to one without haptic feedback supporting the pursuit and implementation of haptics in surgical training simulation models to enhance their educational value.

Impact of haptic feedback on surgical training outcomes: A Randomised Controlled Trial of haptic versus non-haptic immersive virtual reality training