Context (archaeology)

Philosophy

Economics

Archaeology

Refugee

Market integration

Macroeconomics

Political science

Geography

Immigration

Labour economics

Demographic economics

Immigration policy

Linguistics

Danish

Oxford Review of Economic Policy

Denmark has accepted refugees from a large variety of countries and for more than four decades. Denmark has also frequently changed policies and regulations concerning integration programmes, transfer payments, and conditions for permanent residency. Such policy variation in conjunction with excellent administrative data provides an ideal laboratory to evaluate the effects of different immigration and integration policies on the outcomes of refugee immigrants. In this article, we first describe the Danish experience with refugee immigration over the past four decades. We then review different post-arrival refugee policies and summarize studies that evaluate their effects on the labour market performance of refugees. Lastly, we discuss and contrast these findings in the context of international studies of similar policies and draw conclusions for policy.

Refugee migration and the labour market: lessons from 40 years of post-arrival policies in Denmark