Etiology

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Human health

Environmental health

Epidemiology

Inflammatory bowel disease

Disease

Intensive care medicine

Pathology

Medicine

The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology

Epidemiological studies have suggested a role for ultra-processed foods in numerous chronic inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases and metabolic syndrome. Preclinical and clinical studies are accumulating to better decipher the effects of various aspects of food processing and formulation on the aetiology of chronic, debilitating inflammatory diseases. In this Review, we provide an overview of the current data that highlight an association between ultra-processed food consumption and various chronic diseases, with a focus on epidemiological evidence and mechanistic insights involving the intestinal microbiota.

Ultra-processed foods and human health: from epidemiological evidence to mechanistic insights