Value-added tax

Microeconomics

Economics

Market economy

Ad valorem tax

Tax competition

Tax reform

Tax rate

Monetary economics

Public economics

Welfare

International economics

Tax avoidance

Indirect tax

Tax haven

Journal of Public Economics

This paper studies how the global minimum tax shapes national tax policies and welfare in a formal model of international tax competition with heterogeneous countries. The net welfare effect is generally ambiguous from the perspective of non-havens. On the one hand, the global minimum tax raises their welfare by curbing profit shifting, which boosts government revenue. One the other hand, it lowers their welfare by increasing equilibrium tax rates in havens, which transfers resources from non-haven firms to haven governments. The net welfare effect is unambiguously positive when the global minimum rate is so high that profit shifting ends.

The global minimum tax