Geology

Flexible display

Mathematics

Flexible electronics

Filtration (mathematics)

Oceanography

Physical chemistry

Composite material

Optoelectronics

Evaporation

Thermodynamics

Nanotechnology

Electrode

Substrate (aquarium)

Layer (electronics)

Thin-film transistor

Statistics

Chemistry

Materials science

Physics

Electrical conductor

Advanced Materials

Flexible electrodes that are multilayer, multimaterial, and conformal are pivotal for multifunctional wearable electronics. Traditional electronic circuits manufacturing requires substrate-supported transfer printing, which limits their multilayer integrity and device conformability on arbitrary surfaces. Herein, a "shrinkage-assisted patterning by evaporation" (SHAPE) method is reported, by employing evaporation-induced interfacial strain mismatch, to fabricate auto-detachable, freestanding, and patternable electrodes. The SHAPE method utilizes vacuum-filtration of polyaniline/bacterial cellulose (PANI/BC) ink through a masked filtration membrane to print high-resolution, patterned, and multilayer electrodes. The strong interlayer hydrogen bonding ensures robust multilayer integrity, while the controllable evaporative shrinking property of PANI/BC induces mismatch between the strains of the electrode and filtration membrane at the interface and thus autodetachment of electrodes. Notably, a 500-layer substrat...

Strain‐Driven Auto‐Detachable Patterning of Flexible Electrodes