Pruning

Operating system

Computer engineering

Algorithm

Gate array

Pattern recognition (psychology)

Artificial intelligence

Throughput

Parallel computing

Organic chemistry

Chemistry

Layer (electronics)

FLOPS

Computer science

Field-programmable gate array

Artificial neural network

Wireless

Agronomy

Speedup

Telecommunications

Convolutional neural network

Floating point

Biology

Computer hardware

Process (computing)

Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience

To accelerate the practical applications of artificial intelligence, this paper proposes a high efficient layer-wise refined pruning method for deep neural networks at the software level and accelerates the inference process at the hardware level on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The refined pruning operation is based on the channel-wise importance indexes of each layer and the layer-wise input sparsity of convolutional layers. The method utilizes the characteristics of the native networks without introducing any extra workloads to the training phase. In addition, the operation is easy to be extended to various state-of-the-art deep neural networks. The effectiveness of the method is verified on ResNet architecture and VGG networks in terms of dataset CIFAR10, CIFAR100, and ImageNet100. Experimental results show that in terms of ResNet50 on CIFAR10 and ResNet101 on CIFAR100, more than 85% of parameters and Floating-Point Operations are pruned with only 0.35% and 0.40% accuracy loss, respectively. As for the VGG network, 87.05% of parameters and 75.78% of Floating-Point Operations are pruned with only 0.74% accuracy loss for VGG13BN on CIFAR10. Furthermore, we accelerate the networks at the hardware level on the FPGA platform by utilizing the tool Vitis AI. For two threads mode in FPGA, the throughput/fps of the pruned VGG13BN and ResNet101 achieves 151.99 fps and 124.31 fps, respectively, and the pruned networks achieve about 4.3× and 1.8× speed up for VGG13BN and ResNet101, respectively, compared with the original networks on FPGA.

Optimizing the Deep Neural Networks by Layer-Wise Refined Pruning and the Acceleration on FPGA