Internal medicine

Genitourinary system

Penile prosthesis

Infertility

Electroejaculation

Population

Biology

Psychiatry

Urology

Intensive care medicine

Andrology

Male infertility

Sperm motility

Spinal cord injury

Lactation

Sexual dysfunction

Gynecology

Pregnancy

Erectile dysfunction

Spinal cord

Sperm

Reproductive technology

Genetics

Medicine

Environmental health

Journal of Personalized Medicine

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a relevant medical and social problem. According to the World Health Organization, the commonly estimated worldwide annual incidence of SCI is 40 to 80 cases per million population. After the SCI experience, most men present with sexual dysfunction (erectile dysfunction (ED) and ejaculatory dysfunction), fertility problems (such as impaired spermatogenesis, abnormalities in sperm viability, motility, and morphology), and systemic disorders such as genitourinary infection and endocrine imbalances. The best options available for managing the ejaculatory disorders in patients suffering from SCI are penile vibratory stimulation (PVS) and electroejaculation (EEJ). Furthermore, the treatment of ED in SCI patients consists of medical therapies including phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5i), intracavernosal injections (ICI), vacuum erection devices (VEDs), and surgical as penile prosthesis (PP). This review provides a snapshot of the current evidence for the mechanisms of sexual dysfunction and infertility in SCI patients, discusses the best management strategies for these conditions, and offers our perspective on the direction of future research.

Male Sexual Dysfunction and Infertility in Spinal Cord Injury Patients: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives