engine oil

nanofluids

convective heat transfer

base fluid

shell tube

parabolic trough

ternary hybrid

hybrid nanofluids

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Utilizing fins with horseshoe shape connected to bottom of tube and install of perforated tape at center of pipe, leading to higher level of productivity in current article. Furthermore, the mixing rate will hopefully be improved with dispersing hybrid nano-powders, because the thermal features of operate fluid will be intensified. The solar system includes twenty mirrors which concentrate the solar rays to the region of absorber pipe. The distribution of assimilating heat flux was derived via SolTrace and outputs showed that the bottom point absorbs the greatest rays, which is why the horseshoe fins were attached to bottom of pipe. Assessment of grid and accuracy of model have been presented and good accommodation with empirical data made it clear that such selected techniques in modeling were suitable for turbulent flow. The scrutinized variable parameters of current work are: Angle of horseshoe fins (θ = 0°, 30°, 45°); Pitch ratio (PR (=P/D) = 3.2, 4); Inlet flow rate (Q = 13, 19 Lit/min); Fraction of additives (φ = 0, 0.02). Not only the patterns of hybrid nanofluid in forms of contours but also substantial functions such as pumping power ( W • ) and thermal efficiency ( η t h ) were evaluated in outputs. Due to elevate of heat absorption with dispersing hybrid nano-powders, η t h will be enhanced about 0.01% when θ = 0°, Q = 19, PR = 3.2. When Q = 13, with augment of θ, convective coefficient reduces around 12.02% and pumping power declines around 37.61%. As PR declines, the mixing of hybrid nanofluid improves and convective factor elevates around 6.43% while such change makes pumping power to augment about 30.67%. As flow rate of fluid at inlet increases, the thermal performance and convective factor augment around 0.18% and 31.98% but with higher level of pumping power about 195.41%. • Perforated tape and horseshoe shaped fins were combined in current paper. • Thermal features of operate fluid were intensified by using hybrid nanoparticles. • With augment of θ, convective coefficient reduces around 12.02%....

Numerical investigation of solar system equipped with innovative turbulator and hybrid nanofluid