Internal medicine

Pathology

Raised intracranial pressure

Ophthalmology

Natural history

Etiology

Surgery

Papilledema

Presentation (obstetrics)

Pseudotumor cerebri

Intracranial pressure

Medicine

Cureus

Papilledema is a swelling of the optic disc secondary to elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). We analyzed 79 peer-review journal articles and provided a concise summary of the etiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, evaluation, natural history, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of papilledema. Only studies written in English with the full text available were included. Although many etiologies of papilledema exist, idiopathic intracranial hypertension is the most common and, thus, a large focus of this review.

Optic Disc Edema and Elevated Intracranial Pressure (ICP): A Comprehensive Review of Papilledema