Public health

Pathology

Sociology

Demography

Latin Americans

Virology

Nursing

Political science

Geography

Disease

Dengue virus

Population

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Infectious disease (medical specialty)

Dengue fever

Medicine

Pandemic

Environmental health

The Lancet Infectious Diseases

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in unprecedented disruption to society, which indirectly affects infectious disease dynamics.We aimed to assess the effects of COVID-19-related disruption on dengue, a major expanding acute public health threat, in southeast Asia and Latin America. MethodsWe assembled data on monthly dengue incidence from WHO weekly reports, climatic data from ERA5, and population variables from WorldPop for 23 countries between January, 2014 and December, 2019 and fit a Bayesian regression model to explain and predict seasonal and multi-year dengue cycles.We compared model predictions with reported dengue data January to December, 2020, and assessed if deviations from projected incidence since March, 2020 are associated with specific public health and social measures (from the Oxford Coronavirus Government Response Tracer database) or human movement behaviours (as measured by Google mobility reports).Findings We found a consistent, prolonged decline in dengue incidence across many dengue-endemic regions that began in March, 2020 (2•28 million cases in 2020 vs 4•08 million cases in 2019; a 44•1% decrease).We found a strong association between COVID-19-related disruption (as measured independently by public health and social measures and human movement behaviours) and reduced dengue risk, even after taking into account other drivers of dengue cycles including climatic and host immunity (relative risk 0•01-0•17, p<0•01).Measures related to the closure of schools and reduced time spent in non-residential areas had the strongest evidence of association with reduced dengue risk, but high collinearity between covariates made specific attribution challenging.Overall, we estimate that 0•72 million (95% CI 0•12-1•47) fewer dengue cases occurred in 2020 potentially attributable to COVID-19-related disruption.Interpretation In most countries, COVID-19-related disruption led to historically low dengue incidence in 2020.Continuous monitoring of dengue incidence as COVID-19-related restrictions are relaxed will be important and could give new insights into transmission processes and intervention options.

Measuring the effects of COVID-19-related disruption on dengue transmission in southeast Asia and Latin America: a statistical modelling study