Physics

Aerospace engineering

Mathematics

Algorithm

Statistics

Matrix (chemical analysis)

Engineering

Residual

Estimator

Artificial intelligence

Eigenvalues and eigenvectors

Composite material

Systems engineering

Control (management)

Materials science

Geometry

False alarm

ALARM

Computer science

Quantum mechanics

Point (geometry)

Control theory (sociology)

State (computer science)

Estimation

IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control

This article investigates the stealthy false data injection attack design problem for a class of cyber physical systems equipped with state estimators and attack detectors. The objective is to worsen the estimation performance without triggering any alarm. First, a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of perfect attacks, which alter the state estimate without affecting residual signals, is provided. It is shown that the estimation error can be arbitrarily large under the well-designed perfect attacks. Second, if the perfect attacks do not exist, the existence of nonperfect attacks, which worsen the estimation performance with a degree influence on residual signals, is analyzed. It is shown that the desired nonperfect attack sequence can be designed by analyzing the maximum eigenvalue and the corresponding eigenvector of an auxiliary matrix. Compared with the existing methods, in this article, attacks are designed without knowledge of estimators and can be injected from any time point. Finally, a numerical simulation is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

False Data Injection Attacks Against State Estimation Without Knowledge of Estimators