Cocrystal

Gene

Hydrogen bond

Physics

Genotype

Polymorphism (computer science)

Ionic liquid

Catalysis

Nanotechnology

Organic chemistry

Eutectic system

Chemistry

Materials science

Programming language

Ionic bonding

Alloy

Molecule

Computer science

Phase (matter)

Rational design

Biochemistry

Ternary operation

Phase diagram

Thermodynamics

Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry

Type V deep eutectic solvents are a novel class of sustainable solvents. They are prepared by physically mixing solid, non-ionic components and are characterized by strong negative deviations from thermodynamic ideality. This work provides guidelines for the rational design of these solvents and reviews some of their recent applications. Emphasis is given on the choice of hydrogen bond donors and acceptors to achieve the necessary liquid phase non-ideality, namely on the use of pairs of molecules with high polarity asymmetry, and stresses the importance of assessing their solid–liquid phase diagrams. Polymorphism and cocrystal formation are also briefly addressed, together with predictive methodologies that have been developed to estimate their properties.

Type V deep eutectic solvents: Design and applications