Geology

Nanotechnology

Organic chemistry

Process engineering

Cosmetics

Biology

Biomass (ecology)

Oceanography

Engineering

Environmentally friendly

Biochemical engineering

Chemistry

Ecology

Materials science

Emerging technologies

Cellulose

Nanocellulose

Environmental science

Chemical engineering

Carbohydrate Polymers

Nanocellulose is a unique and promising natural nanomaterial and has gained significant attention due to its applications in several important areas. Thus, researchers are continuously looking for the most efficient, sustainable, economically viable, and environmentally friendly production technologies to fulfil its growing demand. Conventional production technologies, which include various physical, chemical, and physicochemical methods, are currently inadequate for this purpose and have several limitations such as long processing time, high energy consumption, low recovery of nanocellulose, and many others. To overcome these shortcomings, scientists have investigated the prospect of utilizing emerging processing technologies such as microwave irradiation, deep eutectic solvent, enzymatic processing, cold plasma, electron beam irradiation, and pulsed electric field in nanocellulose preparation. In general, studies have shown that the application of emerging technologies enhances the extraction yield and properties of nanocellulose. This article presents a review of the most recent works reported on the application of emerging technologies in nanocellulose production.

Emerging technologies for the production of nanocellulose from lignocellulosic biomass