Epitaxy

Psychology

Chemistry

Materials science

Stacking

Optoelectronics

Social psychology

Engineering

Facet (psychology)

Crystallography

Nanotechnology

Organic chemistry

Personality

Crystallization

Energy conversion efficiency

Perovskite solar cell

Big Five personality traits

Nucleation

Perovskite (structure)

Chemical engineering

Layer (electronics)

Joule

The favorable tailoring of facet orientation is realized by introducing highly oriented 2D perovskite (BDA)PbI4 to as a seed to regulate the crystallization kinetics of 3D perovskite. This strategy delivers a superior PCE of 23.95% and remarkable FF of 0.847, representing the highest values of mixed-dimensional PSCs. Moreover, the efficient PSC retains 91% of its initial PCE after 500 h tracking at the maximum power point under simulated AM1.5 illumination at 60°C.

Facet orientation tailoring via 2D-seed- induced growth enables highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells