Internal medicine

Pathology

Respiratory disease

Pleural disease

Pneumothorax

Bronchiolitis

Pleural cavity

Disease

Etiology

Surgery

Lung

Respiratory system

Medicine

Journal of Clinical Medicine

Air in the pleural cavity is termed pneumothorax. When this occurs in the absence of trauma or medical intervention, it is called spontaneous pneumothorax. Primary spontaneous pneumothorax typically occurs in young patients without known lung disease. However, the idea that these patients have "normal" lungs is outdated. This article will review evidence of inflammation and respiratory bronchiolitis on surgical specimens, discuss the identification of emphysema-like change (i.e., blebs and bullae), the concept of pleural porosity and review recent data on the overexpression of matrix metalloproteinases in the lungs of patients who have had pneumothorax.

Aetiology of Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax