Piezoelectricity

Cantilever

Biosensor

Nanotechnology

Electrode

Nanogenerator

Piezoresistive effect

Electronic skin

Composite number

Wearable computer

Engineering

Physical chemistry

Embedded system

Composite material

Chemistry

Materials science

Sensitivity (control systems)

Electronic engineering

Computer science

Pressure sensor

Optoelectronics

Bioelectronics

Mechanical engineering

Triboelectric effect

ACS Nano

Improving output performance of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) is crucial for expanding their applications in smart devices, especially for flexible and wearable bioelectronics. In this study, we design and fabricate a flexible, stretchable, and highly transparent TENG based on an unsymmetrical PAM/BTO composite film, made of polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogel and BaTiO3 nanocubes (BTO NCs, BTO), and the TENG performance can be tailored by adjusting the amount and distribution location of BTO. The stretchable hydrogel electrode could bear over 8 times stretching. By changing the content and distribution location of BTO in the unsymmetrical hydrogel film, the output of the fabricated TENGs could be improved, acting as pressure sensors with high sensitivity to distinguish a spectrum of forces (0.25-6 N) at the low frequency. The mechanism of the enhanced output performance of the PAM/BTO composite hydrogel-based TENG is discussed in detail. By integrating piezoresistive, piezoelectric, and triboelectric effects, the optimized TENG and piezoresistive sensors are used as multimodal biomechanical sensors for detecting the motions of human bodies, pressure, and curvature with high sensitivity.

Stretchable Unsymmetrical Piezoelectric BaTiO<sub>3</sub> Composite Hydrogel for Triboelectric Nanogenerators and Multimodal Sensors

Stretchable Unsymmetrical Piezoelectric BaTiO3 Composite Hydrogel for Triboelectric Nanogenerators and Multimodal Sensors

Stretchable Unsymmetrical Piezoelectric BaTiO₃ Composite Hydrogel for Triboelectric Nanogenerators and Multimodal Sensors