Experimental and numerical creep–fatigue study of Type 316 stainless steel failure under high temperature LCF loading condition with different hold time

Fully-reversed, strain-controlled isothermal tests were conducted on the Type 316FR at 650 °C for the strain ranges of Δɛ = ±0.4%, ±0.8%, ±1.0% and ±1.2%. A constitutive model based on isotropic and nonlinear kinematic hardening rules was used to replicate numerically the cyclic structural behaviour of the material until stabilisation. Finally to demonstrate the damage initiation and the damage evolution, a hysteresis energy-based...