Intrinsic fracture toughness of fiber reinforced and functionally graded concretes: An innovative approach

This study developed a novel approach to measure the intrinsic fracture toughness of full-depth fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) and functionally graded concrete (FGC) beams. Three concrete mixes were prepared to cast FGC beams, namely normal strength concrete to be cast in the middle layer of the FGC beams, FRC with 1% hooked-end steel fiber, to be cast in the bottom layer (tensile layer), and high strength concrete (HSC) to be cast in the top...