Walking, Cycling, and Swimming for Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis

To investigate the effectiveness of walking/running, cycling, or swimming for treating or preventing nonspecific low back pain (LBP).Intervention systematic review.Five databases were searched to April 2021.Randomized controlled trials evaluating walking/running, cycling, or swimming to treat or prevent LBP were included.We calculated standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Certainty of evidence was evaluated...