Biaxial residual stress measurement by indentation energy difference method: Theoretical and experimental study

In this paper, an energy difference method is proposed to estimate biaxial stress components based on indentation technique. The indentation energy is chosen as an analytical parameter, which can be calculated directly from the load-depth curve. The presence of residual stress in a material causes the change of indentation energy. The mapping relationship between uniaxial stress and indentation energy difference was established by finite element...